I once emailed the following content to some tourists because of their curiosity about our history:
In the 16th century, Vietnam has a government called "King Le, Lord Trinh" (lasting for some centuries), which means there are 2 persons together holding the sovereign power. In fact, King Le was just duck sitting, all decisions were made by Lord Trinh.
The person who started this mechanism, or started Lord Trinh, was actually a son-in-law of a person with family name: Nguyen. This Nguyen guy had a son, of course also bearing the same family name: let's call him Nguyen's son. He was weaker than his brother-in-law at that time, so he couldn't be the Lord. He thought he should be the Lord, so he made a plan for revenge.
He asked his brother-in-law to go reclaiming virgin soil in the South where at that time was under hard weather and living conditions. Lord Trinh said OK. In mid-15th century, Nguyen's son took his family and servants down to the South. Since 1600, they developed the South to the level that the Lord Trinh couldn't help worrying. This is the start of a civil war in Vietnam lasting nearly a century.
After the civil war, the North and the South of Vietnam were separately divided and it was like 2 different countries. In the North, King Le and Lord Trinh were getting along well with each other, but soon they had conflict. In the 18th century, both the North and the South got economic crisis. It was worse in the North because of conflict between King Le and Lord Trinh.
And then there were some heroes, or more specific, some brothers, led by Nguyen Hue, raising movement named Tay Son to end this crisis, first in the South, then to the North. After reuniting the country, these brothers shared the land to manage. Nguyen Hue was the best of them, but he soon passed away in 1792. And once again, there was conflict among hero brothers.
Making use of this conflict, a grandson of Lord Nguyen, who's still alive after the attack of Tay Son in the South did get back his power. His name is Nguyen Anh. When Lord Nguyen in the South was killed by Tay Son, Nguyen Anh had to hide from Tay Son, but he always wanted to accumulate enough resources to make a revenge. In 1802, he succeeded.
So since 1802, Vietnam was a united country under the government ruled by Nguyen Anh. The capital of Vietnam back then was Hue city. This is the last feudal government of Vietnam before the French came in 1858.
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